Schools Division Office Science City of Muñoz
We dream of Filipinos who passionately love their country and whose values and competencies enable them to realize their full …
To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education where: Students learn in …
The Department of Education (DepEd) formulates, implements, and coordinates policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal and …
To ensure access to, promote equity in, and continuously improve the quality of basic education in the schools divisions under …
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Zurex Bacay OIC-Office of the Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
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FUNCTIONS OF CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION DIVISION Provide technical assistance to schools in terms of instructional delivery, curriculum framework, curriculum guide, teachers …
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FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOL GOVERNANCE AND OPERATIONS DIVISION Provide strategic direction and technical inputs to the management of the …
Learn MoreEducation is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.
Procurement notices of the DepEd Division Office of Science City of Muñoz
Latest publications.
The-Power-of-Empathy-and-Humility-in-the-Workplace.pdf
The-Secret-to-Motivate-and-Harness-Employees-Potentials.pdf
Embracing-the-Demands-of-Curriculum-from-New-Normal.pdf
Transforming-Oneself-to-Best-Person-through-Humility.pdf
NO-MAN-IS-AN-ISLAND.pdf
ALWAYS-LOOK-BEYOND-JUST-SKIN-DEEP.pdf
A-HELPING-HAND.pdf
Wika-na-di-na-masisiil.pdf
TO-SERVE-PUBLIC-INTEREST.pdf
Wensdy S. Casio Napatunayan sa iba’t-ibang mga pananaliksik sa loob at labas ng bansa na ang halos dalawang taong pagkakaroon …
Wensdy S. Casio Hindi maitatanggi na binago na ng modernong panahon ang maraming mga bagay na kaniyang kinamulatan. Ang mga …
Joy Karren M. Dumale There are a lot of writings about the ethical behavior of an employee, but how to …
Joy Karren M. Dumale You’ll never go wrong with kindness by Joy Karren M. Dumale “Kindness never goes out of …
Joy Karren M. Dumale Peace of mind is a state of calmness despite many stressors. Nowadays, in a very busy …
Aaron S. SobrevillaAdministrative Officer III Hindi maiiwasan bilang tao ang mga problema sa landas ng pakikipagugnayan. Mahalagang matutuhan na magpatawad …
Aaron s. SobrevillaAdministrative Assistant III Ilan sa mga pinaghihirapang makamtan at hinahanap-hanap ng tao ay salapi, bahay, sasakyan, at ibat …
Jennielle Anne B. NarcaAdministrative Assistant III Ang galit ay isang malakas na damdamin na binubuo ng isang hanay ng mga …
Jennielle Anne B. NarcaAdministrative Assistant III Hindi lahat ay interesado sa iyo. Masakit ngunit ito ang katotohanan. Kung ikaw ay …
Melanie N. Aquino Social media has become a stage actor of today in spreading fake news than fact news. An …
Melanie N. Aquino Many still are unaware that global warming is making the earth a major damage. It is already …
DIVINA D. VILORIAAdministrative Assistant III Companies and organizations should have programs to attract, manage, and retain high performing employees because …
AARON S. SOBREVILLA Everyone’s life is a gift from the day he was born. From the day his mother conceived, …
ni: DIVINA D. VILORIAAdministrative Assistant III Mayo 23, 2022, ayon sa datos ng Kagawaran ng Kalusugan, sa kasalukuyan angnaging kaso …
AARON S. SOBREVILLA “Justice” is very hard to gain if the basis of truth is superficial. Truth can only be …
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD P-I, Rizal Elementary School Doing things, the right way without error is a tough job. This …
Why-Teaching-is-a-Noble-Job.pdf
Journey-Through-the-New-Normal.pdf
Pagbabagong-Hatid-ng-Pagbabago.pdf
Saan-Patungo.pdf
Weighing-Risks-and-Opportunities.pdf
NgitiKailan-Makikitang-Muli.pdf
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD P-I, Rizal Elementary School No one in this world would like to be in a place …
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD P-I, Rizal Elementary School Even before the COVID-19 pandemic strikes the whole world, many have already …
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD P-I, Rizal Elementary School Tony Dovale, a transformational keynote speaker once said, “With the right mindset, …
Evangeline P. Agustin Sabi ng mga matatanda, huwag na huwag daw magtitira ng pagkain sa pinggan sapagkat marami ang nagugutom …
Magulang-Sandigan-Para-sa-Tagumpay.pdf
Modular-Distance-Learning-sa-Panahon-ng-Pandemya.pdf
Andrew M PagalingCurva Elementary School Assessment implies an important role to someone’s learning. The new normal in education highly affects …
Takipsilim-sa-Karunungan.pdf
Shine-the-Most-in-the-Darkest.pdf
Lockdown-Aral-ng-Buhay.pdf
Guro-sa-Ilalim-ng-Pandaigdigang-Pandemya.pdf
A-Teachers-Reflection.pdf
DONADELLE G. LICUDAN More than two years had passed since the Corona Virus dramatically altered our physical, mental, emotional, and …
*THE BEAUTY OF WEARING PROPER UNIFORM IN THE WORKPLACE* *By Winnie S. Valdez* A workplace is a location where employees …
BEYOND-THE-BOARDERS.pdf
EDUKASYON AT PAGKATUTO ni Roma Amor M. Marzo Edukasyon ang kinikilal susi tungo sa tagumpay ng mga Pilipino at …
PAMAMAHALA NG ORAS SA TRABAHO sa ‘NEW NORMAL’ ni Roma Amor M. Marzo Ang pamamahala ng oras o time …
Divina D. Viloria Administrative Assistant II Safety place comes in all forms and shapes- whether in families, friends or places. …
Divina D. Viloria, Administrative Assistant II “Accountant”, “Engineer”, at “Doktor”, ‘yan ang madalas kong sagot kapag tinatanong ako ng …
Jonnadel Sayco-Patonona One of the most important roles of a teacher is to teach children all they need to learn …
Jonnadel Sayco-Patonona The student government organization in schools was first implemented in the year 2007 per DepEd Memorandum No. 45, …
Jonnadel Sayco-Patonona The School Inside a Garden (SIGA) was first introduced by the Department of Education Culture and Sports (now …
Cyril S. Talusan, Education Program Specialist II Life goes on. And on. One cannot control time, nor cannot predict what …
Cyril S. Talusan, Education Program Specialist II Coronavirus-19 disease, short for COVID-19 is a type of illness which is caused …
Cyril S. Talusan, Education Program Specialist II As people age, different factors should be considered for them to stay fit …
Cyril S. Talusan, Education Program Specialist II Education is one of the keys to having more opportunities in the future. …
Jenifer V. Mangahas One of the best strategies in teaching nowadays is the use of computer – aided instructions to …
Jenifer V. Mangahas Education is the most formidable weapon that no one can steal from us. Without education, a person …
Joel G. Dizon Education Program Specialist II School Effectiveness features transparency, accountability and equality. These well-known attributes of a school …
Joel G. Dizon Education Program Specialist II What we need today is a responsive community that is ready to take …
Andrew M Pagaling Social media in present has taken a huge leap to almost all aspects of people’s lives. Social …
Joanna Marie D. Torda Teacher-in-charge It has been a year since the country was placed under community quarantine due to …
Jackylou G. Alberto Teacher III, Maragol Integrated School Seven months ago, the school operations worked in a regular way. Routine …
Jackylou G. Alberto Teacher III, Maragol Integrated School No education system can be better than its teachers. This is a …
Jackylou G. Alberto Teacher III, Maragol Integrated School No education system can be better than its teachers. This is a …
Leah C. Lazaro Teacher In-Charge Pandalla Elementary School COVID-19 has greatly affected people from all walks of life. National economic …
Joanna Marie D. Torda Teacher-in-Charge- Bical Elementary School The covid-19 pandemic has greatly challenged the educational system in the country …
An organization’s success was measured to be mainly prompted by good attributes of its employees not only towards work but …
Lourdes P Mendoza At an early age, we already trained our children to speak using English language. As much as …
Lourdes P Mendoza The available form of technology just keeps increasing, and many are heavily dependent on them. Being able …
Lourdes P Mendoza Distance education is now more significant nowadays because of what we are experiencing right now. Modular distance …
Diana Joy M. Alanzalon, Teacher III Sino nga ba ang nangangailangan ng tunay na pansin? O nangangailangan ng palaging atensyon? …
Diana Joy M. Alanzalon, Teacher III Imagine our home or society without family, a family without mother, father or child …
If you want to know a group of individuals who are interested to join in a tour by means of …
By: Carmela G. Reyes President Rodrigo Duterte approved last year the conduct of a pilot test on face-to-face classes supposedly …
By: Carmela G. Reyes No one has seen it coming. While everybody was busy enjoying the beauty of this life, …
We’re all taken by surprise with the immediate widespread of COVID-19 pandemic. None of us were ready fighting an unseen …
Diana Kris Gaston Limos There is a significantly big difference between imparting knowledge and shaping knowledge. The former suggests the …
Aileen G. Mactal Principal I Villa Nati Elementary School Nine schools in the Division of Science City of Muñoz conducted …
Aileen G. Mactal Principal I Villa Nati Elementary School The Department of Education issued DO No. 12, s. 2020 entitled …
MICHELLE T. JAYME Principal I Amidst Covid-19 pandemic, hope and positivity still exist and happen. In the middle of chaotic …
Michelle T. Jayme Principal I Before the pandemic came, school concerns are mainly on the pupils’ learning outcomes primarily because …
Michelle T. Jayme In the age of cataclysm there are people who work in silence and they are our Educators, …
By Jocelyn R. De Guzman The school year has begun and our hardworking teachers are once again on the go. …
By: Jocelyn R. De Guzman Teaching is the noblest profession as they say…Why? Not everyone is meant to become a …
By: Jocelyn R De Guzman The coronavirus has turned the attention on one of the local issues that hasn’t been …
By: Jocelyn R. De Guzman Covid 19 is a global pandemic which began in Wuhan China that slowed the facet …
Dei Chiara Abao Sa loob ng ilang buwan maraming negosyo at sektor ng bansa ang pansamantalang nahinto dahil sa COVID-19 …
Dei Chiara Abao Frontliners are risking their health to report to work so that they can perform their duty of …
Dei Chiara Abao The year 2020 shocked the world with the COVID-19 virus which has spread to 213 countries and …
In recognizing the significant role and contributions of the Supreme Pupil Government (SPG) and Supreme Student Government (SSG) in the …
Technology is a powerful tool in transforming learners. It can help affirm and advance relationship between educators and students. Our …
Technology serves as a media for innovation and transformation of learners. DCP aims to provide the public schools with the necessary …
National illness is the unhealthy condition of our body and mind. It is very easy to point to the greedy …
By Winnie S. Valdez Government agencies adopted work from home scheme because of the Enhanced Community Quarantine over the entire …
PROCESS is a seven-letter word that is easy to say but hard to obey. All organizations have its own processes …
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD Who wants to be surrounded by people who bring the atmosphere down and who are …
Dominador M. Orpilla, Phd Whoould remember his/her childhood days when he/she spent time with his/her mother fighting because of a …
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD If a teacher will tie a rope on senior high school graduates and pull them …
Dominador M. Orpilla, PhD Teacher’s are considered modern heroes. But how can teachers be heroes if they are locked up …
AL JOHN U. FEBRERO Teacher III Educators are thinking on the best way to effectively transfer the knowledge and …
AL JOHN U. FEBRERO Teacher III Educating 21st century learners is never an easy task. Being an educator requires both …
AL JOHN U. FEBRERO Teacher III Emotions that the learner feels during teaching and learning process may affect their achievement …
AL JOHN U. FEBRERO Teacher III Reading is the biggest deal that should be catered in the system of education …
EMILY I. FERNANDEZ, PhD Principal IV Being an administrator of a school is a very challenging task. It requires …
Jerry I. Carrido Administrative Aide VI Schools Division Office Ang isang organisasyon, opisina, o ahensya ay maihahalintulad natin sa isang …
Al John U. Febrero Teacher III The 21st century teachers should possess competencies that will cater 21st learners’ needs and …
Al John U. Febrero Teacher III Knowing that one is capable and possesses the required knowledge, skills and values will …
Al John U. Febrero Teacher III Learners can relate their interest and experience to their classmates. Socialization is a process …
Ni Mariel Regina Karla D. Corpuz Ang tulay na siyang umaalalay ay pag-asa rin sa ating buhay. Naging malaki ang …
Ni Mariel Regina Karla D. Corpuz “Ang magkapatid na magandang magsunuran ay daig pa ang taong mayaman”. Hindi man madaling …
Ni: Mervin A. Bondoc Patatas- Hindi mawawala ang patatas sa buhay ng mga Pilipino. Naging bahagi na ito ng mga …
Ni: Mervin A. Bondoc “Magbiro ka na sa lasing, huwag lang sa bagong gising,” isang kasabihan kung gaano kahalaga ang …
Geraldine E. Patacsil Administrative Aide VI Every classroom has diverse students with different behaviors and characteristics. How does the teacher …
Geraldine E. Patacsil AdministrativeAide VI Today, communication methods are becoming more diverse as technology advances. Everybody has the advance technology …
by: MARICOR V. SANTOS Teacher III, Munoz National High School-Main In facilitating Teaching-Learning process, basic skills in communication is one …
CristoniA. Macaraeg “Ordinary riches can be stolen; real riches cannot. In your soul are infinitely precious things that cannot be …
Francisco M Pelagio Teacher III, Muñoz National High School-Annex Disciplining students is considered one of our toughest parts of our …
Maricor V Santos Teacher III, Muñoz National High School-main Teaching is a lifelong commitment. It should be with a strong …
by: Jayson V. Sobrevilla, SBM Coordinator Education is the key to success in life and we as teachers make a …
Francisco Pelagio Throughout the years of teaching, it has been an observation that many students often struggled when they were …
Francisco Pelagio In every quiz competition, we highly expect that our students will bring home the bacon. But the moment …
Ginalyn S. Oneza Master Teacher II In line with the growing needs of the youth today, teachers who can set …
by Venice Anne D. Avendaño Life has inveterate challenges whether waking up early in the morning or staying up till …
By: Kimberly Joan S. Nuque Punctuality is a sign of professionalism and helps you stand out as a dependable and …
By: Kimberly Joan S. Nuque Stress isn’t always bad. A little bit of stress can help you to concentrate, and …
By: Kimberly Joan S. Nuque Can’t connect to the school Wifi to research topic online? You can now search anything …
By: Maria Luiza M. Olo Being able to listen or to be heard makes someone feel valued. It makes him …
By: Maria Luiza M. Olo Why is a boss different from a leader? According to The Oxford Dictionary, “a boss …
By: Maria Luiza M. Olo Smiling gives a good vibes and start to everyone. It makes life happy and light …
By: Maria Luiza M. Olo Employees are one of the important resources of the organization. Without them, the organization will …
By: Kimberly Joan S. Nuque A good and harmonious working environment is one where all workers are treated with formality, …
By: Ms. Winnie S. Valdez An office is a building or room in which people work at their desk doing …
By: Winnie S. Valdez In an occupational workplace, bad demeanor can affect everyone and cause fight among employees. In some …
By: Winnie Valdez Many employees look up to the leadership skills and achievements of their superior at work. One of …
By: Ms. Winnie S. Valdez Shyness (Also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially …
Jordan T. Nicodemus Principal – I Ricardo V. Adriano Elementary School The history of mankind is filled with disputes, quarrels …
Jordan T. Nicodemus Principal – I Ricardo V. Adriano Elementary School “Why do I have to go? School’s not fun!” …
Jordan T. Nicodemus Principal – I Ricardo V. Adriano Elementary School Teachers, as well as school heads, consume too much …
Jordan T. Nicodemus Principal – I Ricardo V. Adriano Elementary School Most teachers would definitely approve that getting students to …
Jordan T. Nicodemus Principal – I Ricardo V. Adriano Elementary School Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their …
Written by: Venice Anne D. Avendaño Our lives are blessing from God. We were created and given life for a …
Written by: Venice Anne D. Avendaño Waiting, in broad range, is meaningful. We can say that waiting is wasting in …
Written by: Venice Anne D. Avendaño If I ask you what life is, how would you answer it? Are you …
(A Value-Laden Teaching Approach) By Wensdy S. Casio Many educators would agree to me if I say that there is …
ni Cristoni A. Macaraeg Ang sarap pumasok na dala ang bag ng motivation para sa trabaho. Ang motivation ay isa …
by Cristoni A. Macaraeg Envy occurs when someone desires what others have. Because of that, jealousy, comparison and competition arise. …
By: Agnes P. Baluyot Many people spend a large part of their adult lives at work. So, working hard to …
By: Agnes P. Baluyot Employees are one of the integral parts of every company because they help in growing the …
By: Agnes P. Baluyot Having heart full of pain and anger can affect focus, disposition in life as well as …
(A Testimony of a Pastor turned Teacher) By Wensdy S. Casio I am greatly honoured to become a vessel …
By: Agnes P. Baluyot Full time employees often spend more time at work with co-workers that at home with family …
By: Agnes P. Baluyot Customers are every organization’s most vital asset because without them, employees would not exist. One can …
By: Agnes P. Baluyot Stress is a state of mental tension and worry caused by problems in life, work etc. …
Glenda L Viola Teacher III MNHS-ANNEX In every story, there is a beginning and ending. Everything in this world, however …
Glenda L Viola Teacher III MNHS-ANNEX I am a child but not cut from her navel. She’s my mother who …
Glenda Viola Science Teacher MNHS-ANNEX Buhay-guro…Buhay sa aki’y walang kasingsarap. Pinapangarap kong makamit noong mga panahong ako’y kay Mam nakaharap, …
Glenda Viola Science Teacher MNHS-ANNEX If the child fails, teachers are being blamed. If the students cannot read, it’s the …
By: Marinela D. Serna There have been ideas on how to employ ICT in education. Many have made it a …
By: MARINELA D. SERNA A parent’s life can be pretty hectic at times. In between being a parent, going to …
By: Ann Christian A. Francisco Almost a decade ago, outcome-based education was introduced and adopted here in the Philippines. Outcome-based …
By: Ann Christian A. Francisco Since its implementation in 2016, it is high time to visit the K-12 curriculum. …
By: Ann Christian A. Francisco When new to teaching, I wanted my students to be grammarians. I was very traditional …
By: Ann Christian A. Francisco Whose responsibility is learning? The teachers? The students? The parents? The school? The community? These …
By AL JOHN U. FEBRERO Teaching profession requires a strong passion and drive to attain its general goals and objectives. …
By: AL JOHN U. FEBRERO Teachers’ technical-know-how, attitudes, values and knowledge will be his weapon to successfully attend his roles …
ni Xyzcherenathaneralei Q. Aliño Maglakad ka kahit tanghaling tapat ng walang payong, hindi mo mararamdaman ang init ng araw. Kahit …
By: Xyzcherenathaneralei Alino At my age, I know few who do not own a Facebook account. Almost all of my classmates …
ELSA E. UNTALAN Ako ay Pilipino . . . sa isip . . . sa salita at sa gawa! Talagang …
By: ELVIE G. CORPUZ, Master Teacher 1 DepEd-CLSU Elementary (Laboratory) School Division of Science City of Munoz Quality Experience is …
ELSA E. UNTALAN “Ang Gitnang Luzo’ y katangi – tangi sa diddib ng ating lahi, siya’y nangunguna sa lahat kung …
ELSA E. UNTALAN Ang mga bata ay isinilang dito sa mundong punong-puno ng pagsubok at suliranin. Dahil dito, binigyan sila …
ELSA E. UNTALAN “Muñoz, Muñoz, unang-unang Lungsod Agham, Muñoz, Muñoz, mahal naming Lungsod Agham. Manguna ka, manguna ka sa pambansang …
ELSA E. UNTALAN Batang Millennial, Batang K to 12, Batang Moderno! Ilan lamang ito sa tawag sa mga batang mag-aaral …
by: MARICOR V. SANTOS Teacher III, Munoz National High School-Main For many years, we tend to think that to improve …
Ni: Edilyn M. Parugrug Master Teacher I, San Andres Elementary School Sundalo – iyan ang isang maaring taguri sa mga …
ni : Pedro J. De Guzman “ Sabihin ang nais mong iparating, ngunit piliin ang nais mong sabihin.” Mahalagang gampanin …
ni: Pedro J. De Guzman Nakalilito sa unang tingin ang isang pinuno o amo sa kadahilanang ito ay halos pareho, …
By: Agnes A. Pascua Nowadays, internet can be considered like a dangerous place because of high incidents of hacking, scams …
By: Agnes A. Pascua Building positive relationships is a skill that can be learned and mastered and not natural ability …
By: Agnes A. Pascua One of the best ways to obtain physical fitness is exercise. In trying to lose weight …
ni: John A. Ocampo Wikang Filipino ang nagsisilbing matibay na pagkakakilanlan ng ating bansa, ang tatag nito ay tatag ng …
Sa paggamit ng internet ay mas napapabilis nito ang pananaliksik dahil isang click mo lamang ay maaari ka ng makakuha ng impormasyon na iyong kailangan. Sapagkat ito ay nakapagbibigay ng maraming impormasyon sa pamamagitan ng “websites” o pook-sapot kung tawagin sa Filipino.
Bawat isa ay nangangarap ng kaginhawaan sa buhay. Subalit sa paglipas ng panahon, kaalinsabay ng mabilis na pag-unlad at pagbabago ng makabago o modernong teknolohiya ay ang pagtaas ng mga bilihin na sadyang nagpapahirap sa mga tao.
Bago pa man ang implementasyon ng programang K-12 Kurikulum sa Pilipinas, isa ang bansa sa tatlong nananatiling hindi sumasabay sa K-12 Kurikulum, kasama ang bansang Angola at Djibouti.
Minsan, sa aking paglalakad papuntang paaralan, nakakita ako ng isang bagong lapis. Pinulot ko ito. Nagpatuloy ako sa aking paglalakad habang pinagmamasdan ang lapis na ito. Tinanong ko ang aking sarili, “ Aanhin ko ito? “.
Motivating learners is not easy. Teachers use extrinsic motivation such as giving chocolates, simple toys or giving school supplies while others prepare to use intrinsic motivation, giving positive praises and giving stars just to stimulate the attention of their learners because learners who are not motivated will not learn effectively.
The Multiple intelligences theory was developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner. He was a professor of education at Harvard University. He theorized eight intelligences skills individuals may be inclined to the linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, the musical intelligence, the interpersonal intelligence, the intrapersonal intelligence and the naturalist intelligence.
BY: SALLY S. FERIA Head Teacher I San Antonio Integrated School May 7, 2018 Gearing forward to another school year, …
BY: SALLY S. FERIA Head Teacher I San Antonio Integrated School Good classroom management is inextricably linked to student discipline. …
By: Roel T. Lazaro Head Teacher I Maragol Integrated School Pagbabago… Ano nga ba ito? Kapag ang munting bata ang …
ni Roel T. Lazaro Head Teacher I Maragol Integrated School Makikitid na kalsada at mga baku-bakong mga daan ngayon ay …
Marichele M. Merculio School Principal II Rizal Elementary School In reality, we live in an imperfect world where we sometimes …
By: Jocelyn R. De Guzman Teaching is the noblest profession as they say…Why? Not everyone is meant to become a …
By: Jocelyn R. De Guzman Our Educational System is comparable to a business establishment composed of the establishment, the manager, …
Social, Ethical and Cultural Values in Education Marichele M. Merculio Rizal Elementary School Education is an existing factor that best …
The recently concluded SY 2017-2018 catered the completion of the first batch Senior High School students under the K to 12 Curriculum. More than a million grade 12 students graduated the last two years of the curriculum from the projected 1.5 million enrollees in June 2017.
Not everyone is meant to be a principal. A school principal’s day can be long and stressful. You have to be organized, solve problems, manage people well, and be able to separate your personal life from your profession. If you cannot do these things, then you’re not fit to be a school leader.
Aside from dedication, resilience and diligence, a teacher must be—above all—an expert in her field of specialization, not that students would deem her as a sage in the classroom, but rather a competent facilitator who knowsmostlearners’ needs.
DM-No.-491-s.-2022-CONDUCT-OF-DENTAL-SERVICES-TO-ALL-PUBLIC-ELEMENTARY-LEARNERS.pdf
